plant tissue culture & genetics

Genome Sequencing and Plant Molecular Breeding

Plant Breeding is the method in which humans deliberately change the characteristics of plants over time to make them better crops and more nourishing food. Population genetics involves in the examination and modeling of characteristic changes in the frequencies of genes and alleles in plant populations over time and space. These are two methods in plant breeding- Conventional method and Unconventional method. Polyploidy has many effects on plants which vary greatly from species to species, and also from functions of gene expression, ploidy level, heterozygosity and different traits of individual plants. It is the method that inserts the genome into small fragments, characterizes each fragment, then arranges them back together. Pyrosequencing involves sequencing by the process of synthesis, a simple technique for reliable and standard analysis of DNA sequences. The genome sequencing involves in determining the genome of complete plant DNA sequence at a single time. Developments in high-throughput sequencing have changed genetics and genomics, with lowers the costs leading to a rapid explosion in genome sequencing project size. The presence of DNA sequence data entitles the discovery of molecular markers of broad agronomic traits creating new opportunities for crop yield improvement.